TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY
NETWORK TOPOLOGY IS THE
SCHEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF NETWORK ARRANGEMENT, CONNECTING VARIOUS NODES (SENDER
AND RECEIVER) THROUGH LINES OF CONNECTION.
BUS TOPOLOGY
BUS TOPOLOGY IS A NETWORK TYPE
IN WHICH EVERY COMPUTER AND NETWORK DEVICE IS CONNECTED TO A SINGLE CABLE. WHEN IT HAS EXACTLY TWO END POINTS, THEN IT
IS CALLED LINEAR BUS TOPOLOGY.
FEATURE OF
BUS TOPOLOGY
1. IT
TRANSMITS DATA ONLY IN ONE DIRECTION
2. EVERY
DEVICE IS CONNECTED TO A SINGLE CABLE.
ADVANTAGES
OF BUS TOPOLOGY
1. IT
IS COST EFFECTIVE CABLE REQUIRED IS LEAST COMPARED TO OTHER NETWORK TOPOLOGY.
2. USED
IN SMALL NETWORKS
3. IT
IS EASY TO UNDERSTAND
4. EASY
TO EXPAND JOINING TWO CABLES TOGETHER.
DISADVANTAGES
OF BUS TOPOLOGY
1. CABLE
FAILS THEN WHOLE NETWORK FAILS.
2. IF
A NETWORK TRAFFIC IS HEAVY OR NODES ARE MORE THE PERFORMANCE OF THE NETWORK
DECREASES.
3. CABLE
HAS LIMITED LENGTH
4. IT
IS SLOWER THAN RING TOPOLOGY.
RING TOPOLOGY
IT IS CALLED RING TOPOLOGY
BECAUSE IT FORMS A RING AS EACH COMPUTER IS CONNECTED TO ANOTHER COMPUTER, WITH
THE LAST ONE CONNECTED TO THE FIRST.
EXACTLY TWO NEIGHBOR FOR EACH DEVICE.
FEATURE OF
RING TOPOLOGY
1. A
NUMBER OF REPEATERS ARE USED FOR RING TOPOLOGY WITH LARGE NUMBER OF NODES,
BECAUSE OF SOMEONE WANTS TO SEND SOME DATA TO THE LAST NODE IN THE RING
TOPOLOGY WITH 100 NODES THEN THE DATA WILL PASS THROUGH 99 NODES T EACH THE 100TH
NODE. HENCE TO PREVENT DATA LOSS
REPEATERS ARE USED IN THE NETWORK.
2. THE
TRANSMISSION IS UNIDIRECTIONAL BUT IT CAN BE MADE BIDIRECTIONAL BY HAVING TWO
CONNECTORS BETWEEN EACH NETWORK NODE. IT
IS CALLED DUAL RING TOPOLOGY.
3. IN
DUAL RING TOPOLOGY, TWO RING NETWORKS ARE FORMED AND DATA FLOW IS OPPOSITE
DIRECTION IN THEM. ALSO IF ONE RING
FAILS THE SECOND RING ACTS AS BACKUP TO KEEP THE NETWORK UP.
4. DATA
IS TRANSFERRED IN SEQUENTIAL MANNER I.E. BIT BY BIT. DATA TRANSMITTED HAS TO PASS THROUGH EACH
NODE OF THE NETWORK TILL THE DESTINATION NODE.
ADVANTAGES
OF RING TOPOLOGY
1. TRANSMITTING
NETWORK IS NOT AFFECTED BY HIGH TRAFFIC OR BY ADDING MORE NODES AS THE ONLY
NODES HAVE TOKEN CAN TRANSMIT DATA.
2. CHEAP
TO INSTALL AND EXPAND
DISADVANTAGES
OF RING TOPOLOGY
1. TROUBLESHOOTING
IS DIFFICULT IN RING TOPOLOGY.
2. ADDING
OR DELETING THE COMPUTERS DISTURB THE NETWORKING ACTIVITIES.
3. FAILURE
OF ONE COMPUTER DISTURBS THE WHILE NETWORK.
STAR TOPOLOGY
IN THIS TYPE OF TOPOLOGY ALL THE
COMPUTERS ARE CONNECTED TO A SINGLE HUB THROUGH A CABLE. THIS HUB IS THE
CENTRAL NODE AND ALL OTHER NODES ARE CONNECTED TO A CENTRAL NODE.
FEATURES OF STAR TOPOLOGY
1. EVERY
NODE HAS ITS OWN DEDICATED CONNECTION TO THE HUB.
2. HUB
ACTS AS A REPEATER FOR DATA FLOW.
3. CAN
BE USED WITH TWISTED PAIR, OPTICAL FIBER OR COAXIAL CABLE.
ADVANTAGES OF STAR TOPOLOGY
1. FAST
PERFORMANCE WITH FEW NODES AND LOW
NETWORK TRAFFIC.
2. HUB
CAN BE UPGRADED EASILY.
3. EASY
TO TROUBLESHOOT.
4. EASY
TO SETUP AND MODIFY.
5. ONLY
THAT NODE IS AFFECTED WHICH HAS FAILED, REST OF THE NODES CAN WORK SMOOTHLY.
DISADVANTAGES OF STAR
TOPOLOGY
1. COST
OF INSTALLATION IS HIGH
2. EXPENSIVE
TO USE
3. IF
THE HUB FAILS THEN WHOLE NETWORK IS STOPPED BECAUSE ALL THE NODES UPON THE HUB.
4. PERFORMANCE
IS BASED ON THE HUB I.E. IT DEPENDS ON ITS CAPACITY.
MESH TOPOLOGY
IT IS POINT TO POINT CONNECTION
TO OTHER NODES OR DEVICES. ALL THE
NETWORK NODES ARE CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER.
MESH HAS (n(n-1))/2 PHYSICAL
CHANNELS TO LINK N DEVICES. THERE ARE
TWO TECHNIQUES TO TRANSMIT DATA OVER THE MESH TOPOLOGY.
THEY ARE
1. ROUTING
2. FLOODING
MESH
TOPOLOGY ROUTING
IN ROUTING, THE NODES HAVE A
ROUTING LOGIC, AS PER THE NETWORK REQUIREMENTS.
THE ROUTING LOGIC TO DIRECT THE DATA TO REACH THE DESTINATION USING THE
SHORTEST DISTANCE. OR ROUTING LOGIC
WHICH HAS INFORMATION ABOUT THE BROKEN LINKS, AND IT AVOIDS THOSE LINKS., AND
IT AVOIDS THOSE NODES.
WE CAN HAVE ROUTING LOGIC, TO
RECONFIGURE THE FAILED NODES.
MESH TOPOLOGY
FLOODING
IN FLOODING, THE SAME DATA IS
TRANSMITTED TO ALL NETWORK NODES, HENCE NO ROUTING LOGIC IS REQUIRED. THE NETWORK IS ROBUST AND IT IS VERY
UNLIKELY TO LOOSE THE DATA. BUT IT LEADS UNWANTED LOAD OVER THE NETWORK.
TYPES OF
MESH TOPOLOGY
PARTIAL
MESH TOPOLOGY
IN THIS TOPOLOGY SOME OF HE
SYSTEMS ARE CONNECTED IN SOME FASHION AS ESH TOPOLOGY BUT SOME DEVICES ARE ONLY
ONNECTED TO TWO OR THREE DEVICES.
FULL MESH
TOPOLOGY
EACH AND EVERY NODES ARE
CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER.
FEATURES OF
MESH TOPOLOGY
1. FULLY
CONNECTED
2. ROBUST
3. NOT
FLEXIBLE
ADVANTAGES
OF MESH TOPOLOGY
1. EACH
CONNECTION CAN CARRY ITS OWN DATA LOAD.
2. IT
IS ROBUST
3. FAULT
IS DIAGNOSED EASILY
4. PROVIDES
SECURITY AND PRIVACY
DISADVANTAGES
OF MESH TOPOLOGY
1. INSTALLATION
AND CONFIGURATION IS DIFFICULT
2. CABLING
COST IS MORE
3. BULK
WIRING IS REQUIRE
TREE TOPOLOGY
IT HAS ROOT NODE AND ALL OTHER
NODES ARE CONNECTED TO IT FORMING HIERARCHY
IT IS ALSO CALLED HIERARCHICAL TOPOLOGY.
IT SHOULD AT LEAST THREE LEVELS TO THE HIERARCHY.
FEATURES OF
TREE TOPOLOGY
1. IDEAL
IF WORKSTATION ARE ARRANGED IN GROUP
2. USED
IN WIDE AREA NETWORK.
ADVANTAGES
OF TREE TOPOLOGY
1. EXTENSION
OF BUS AND STAR TOPOLOGY
2. EXPANSION
OF NODES IS POSSIBLE AND EASY
3. EASILY
MANAGED AND MAINTAINED
4. ERROR
DETECTION IS EASILY DONE
DISADVANTAGES
OF TREE TOPOLOGY
1. HEAVILY
CABLED
2. COSTLY
3. IF
MORE NODES ADDED MAINTENANCE IS DIFFICULT
4. CONTROL
HUB FAILS NETWORK FAILS
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